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Orthopedic surgery, also known as orthopedics or orthopaedic surgery, is a branch of medical surgery that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of musculoskeletal system disorders. The musculoskeletal system includes bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves. Orthopedic surgeons are medical doctors who specialize in this field and are trained to address a wide range of orthopedic conditions and injuries.

Common Conditions Treated by Orthopedic Surgeons:

1. Fractures and Broken Bones: Orthopedic surgeons can set and repair broken bones, ensuring proper alignment and healing.

2. Joint Problems: They address conditions like arthritis, joint dislocations, and joint instability.

3. Sports Injuries: Orthopedic surgeons treat injuries related to sports or physical activities, such as torn ligaments, tendons, and meniscus tears.

4. Back and Neck Pain: Spinal disorders, herniated discs, and other back and neck issues are treated by orthopedic specialists.

5. Tendon and Ligament Injuries: Conditions like tendonitis and ligament tears are within their area of expertise.

6. Bone Tumors: Orthopedic surgeons may be involved in diagnosing and treating bone tumors.

7. Congenital Disorders: They address musculoskeletal conditions present from birth, like clubfoot or scoliosis.

8. Degenerative Conditions: Osteoarthritis and degenerative joint diseases are commonly treated by orthopedic surgeons.

Orthopedic surgeons use various treatment methods, such as surgical interventions, minimally invasive techniques, physical therapy, medication, and orthotics. They work closely with other medical professionals, such as physical therapists, radiologists, and primary care physicians, to ensure comprehensive care for their patients.

Common Orthopedic Surgical Procedures:

1. Joint Replacement: Total hip replacement, total knee replacement, and shoulder replacement surgeries are common procedures for severe joint conditions.

2. Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive procedure using a tiny camera (arthroscope) to diagnose and treat joint problems.

3. Spinal Surgery: Procedures to address spinal deformities, herniated discs, or spinal stenosis.

4. Fracture Repair: Setting and fixing broken bones using plates, screws, or rods.

5. Ligament and Tendon Repair: Surgical repair of torn ligaments or tendons to restore stability and function.

It's essential to note that not all orthopedic conditions require surgery, and many can be effectively managed with non-surgical approaches. If you have a musculoskeletal issue, it is best to consult with an orthopedic specialist who can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific case.